The Impact of Social Support on the Quality of Life of Institutionalized Elderly People

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the impact of social
support and interpersonal relationships on the well-being of institutionalized
elderly individuals. It also sought to assess the extent to which these factors
influence the perception one has about their physical and mental health and to
explore potential social support–based interventions to improve quality of life.
METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted between
January and April 2024 in nursing homes and general practitioners’ offices in
Hunedoara County. The sample included 163 participants aged over 65 years, of
whom 48 were institutionalized and 115 were community-dwelling. Data were
collected through face-to-face administration of validated questionnaires,
including the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS),
Geriatric Depression Scale – Short Form (GDS), and Generalized Anxiety
Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Descriptive statistical analysis (mean, median, frequencies,
and percentages) was performed using Microsoft Excel.
RESULTS: Institutionalized elderly individuals reported significantly lower
perceived social support from both family and friends compared to noninstitutionalized
participants. A high proportion of institutionalized participants
expressed dissatisfaction with family support and limited ability to communicate
personal problems. Similarly, they reported reduced emotional support from
friends and fewer meaningful social interactions. Self-perceived physical health
was generally poor in both groups, with more negative perceptions among
institutionalized individuals. Depression and anxiety were prevalent in both
groups, with slightly higher rates of mild and moderate depression and severe
anxiety among institutionalized participants.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the critical
role of social support in shaping the physical and mental well-being of elderly
individuals, particularly those in institutional care. Reduced family interaction
and limited social networks contribute to increased emotional distress and lower
quality of life. Interventions aimed at enhancing social support such as promoting
family involvement, facilitating peer interactions, and implementing structured
social programs may significantly improve well-being. A holistic, interdisciplinary
approach to elderly care, integrating medical, psychological, and social support, is
essential for optimizing health outcomes and quality of life in this vulnerable
population.